Combination softgel capsules containing evening primrose oil (EPO) and cod liver oil (CLO) offer a blend of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, along with vitamins A and D. This provides a wider range of benefits than taking each supplement individually, though you should be aware of potential side effects and contraindications.
Synergistic benefits
Balancing omega-3 and omega-6: Many people on a Western diet consume excessive omega-6 fatty acids relative to omega-3s. This combination supplement helps to balance the ratio of these fatty acids, which is important for regulating inflammation.
Enhanced anti-inflammatory action: Both cod liver oil (omega-3s) and evening primrose oil (GLA, an omega-6) have anti-inflammatory properties. The combination provides a broader anti-inflammatory effect that can benefit conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, mastalgia (breast pain), and inflammatory skin issues like eczema.
Comprehensive skin health: The vitamins A and D from cod liver oil combine with the GLA from evening primrose oil to promote skin hydration, elasticity, and reduce acne and eczema.
Combined hormonal and bone support: The GLA in EPO helps regulate hormones and ease symptoms of PMS and menopause. Meanwhile, the vitamin D and omega-3s from CLO support bone density and joint function.
How the components work
Evening Primrose Oil (EPO):
It contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid.
The body converts GLA into hormone-like substances called prostaglandins, which regulate inflammatory and hormonal responses.
This is why it's beneficial for hormonal conditions such as PMS, mastalgia, and menopausal symptoms.
Cod Liver Oil (CLO):
It contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and vitamins A and D.
The omega-3s reduce chronic inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory proteins.
Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium, which is crucial for bone health and strength.
The vitamins and omega-3s support heart and brain function, eye health, and a strong immune system.
Side effects and warnings
This combination supplement is generally well-tolerated, but some side effects are possible.
Common side effects: Digestive issues like nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, and a fishy aftertaste or burping.
Bleeding risk: Both cod liver oil and evening primrose oil have blood-thinning properties. They should not be taken with blood-thinning medications (e.g., warfarin) unless supervised by a doctor. Stop taking the supplement at least two weeks before any surgery.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The high levels of Vitamin A in cod liver oil can be toxic to a fetus in large doses. The supplement should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding without a doctor's clearance.
Other contraindications:
Fish allergy: Avoid if you have an allergy to fish or seafood.
Medical conditions: Consult a doctor if you have a history of blood disorders, liver disease, epilepsy, or take medications for diabetes or high blood pressure.
Seizure history: EPO may increase the risk of seizures in those with a history of them.
