How it works

Doxofylline belongs to the methylxanthine class of medications and functions as a bronchodilator. Its mechanism involves inhibiting certain phosphodiesterase enzymes, which leads to the relaxation of airway smooth muscles and widening of the airways. Compared to older methylxanthine drugs like theophylline, doxofylline is less prone to adverse side effects because it has a lower affinity for adenosine receptors, which are linked to cardiac and central nervous system stimulation. 

Common side effects

While most side effects are mild and resolve on their own, contact your doctor if they become persistent or severe.
Common side effects include: 

• Headache

• Nausea and vomiting

• Abdominal pain or upset stomach

• Insomnia (difficulty sleeping)

• Increased heart rate 

Precautions and contraindications

For safe use, be sure to inform your doctor about your medical history and any other medications you are taking. 

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is limited data on its use during pregnancy, and it is generally not recommended for breastfeeding women.

• Heart conditions: The medication should not be used if you have a heart condition such as acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) or low blood pressure. Use with caution if you have congestive heart failure.

• Liver and kidney disease: Patients with liver or kidney disease may require a dose adjustment.

• Drug interactions: Inform your doctor if you are taking other medications, as doxofylline can interact with drugs such as erythromycin, cimetidine, and certain antivirals and anticonvulsants.

• Caffeine: Avoid or limit the intake of caffeinated products like coffee, tea, and chocolate, as they can increase the risk of side effects.

• Smoking: Smoking can decrease the effectiveness of doxofylline.