Acetylcysteine 200mg/mL injection is a sterile solution primarily used in hospital settings as an antidote for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose to prevent severe liver damage. It is also utilized as a mucolytic agent to thin and loosen thick mucus in various respiratory conditions, making it easier to cough out.
Key Uses and Mechanisms
Paracetamol Antidote: It restores levels of glutathione, a vital antioxidant that neutralizes toxic metabolites produced during a paracetamol overdose. It is most effective when administered within 8 hours of ingestion but can remain beneficial up to 24 hours later.
Mucolytic Therapy: In respiratory diseases, it breaks down the chemical bonds in mucus to reduce its thickness, aiding in clearing the airways.
Administration and Dosage
This medication must be administered by a healthcare professional via intravenous (IV) infusion and should never be self-administered.
Preparation: It is highly concentrated (200 mg/mL) and must be diluted in solutions like 5% glucose (dextrose) or 0.9% sodium chloride before use.
Standard Regimen: For paracetamol overdose, a total dose of 300 mg/kg is typically given over 21 hours in three consecutive stages:
Loading Dose: 150 mg/kg infused over 1 hour.
Second Dose: 50 mg/kg infused over the next 4 hours.
Third Dose: 100 mg/kg infused over the final 16 hours.
Important Precautions
Asthma: Patients with asthma or a history of bronchospasm require close monitoring, as the drug can worsen breathing difficulties.
Hypersensitivity: Allergic reactions (rash, flushing, low blood pressure, or difficulty breathing) most commonly occur during the first hour of infusion.
Fluid Overload: Dosage volumes must be carefully adjusted for children and patients weighing less than 40kg to prevent fluid overload.
Common Side Effects: These include nausea, vomiting, fever, and skin flushing.
Availability and Brands
Common brand names include Mucomix, Mucinac, Acetadote, and Swiss Nac. In 2025, it remains a critical hospital-grade medication available by prescription.
This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. AI responses may include mistakes.
