Phytomenadione 10 mg injection is a sterile, pale yellow, aqueous solution of phytonadione (vitamin K1) used to treat and prevent bleeding disorders caused by vitamin K deficiency or interference with vitamin K activity, such as an overdose of anticoagulant medications like warfarin.
Key Description Points
Active Ingredient: Each 1 mL ampoule or vial contains 10 mg of phytomenadione (Vitamin K1).
Appearance: It is typically a clear, yellow to amber, viscous liquid solution or emulsion.
Mechanism of Action: Phytomenadione acts as an essential cofactor for the liver to produce active blood clotting factors (specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X). By providing the necessary vitamin K, it restores the body's normal blood clotting process.
Administration: The injection is administered by a healthcare professional via intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), or, with caution and very slowly, by intravenous (IV) injection. Rapid intravenous injection is avoided due to the risk of serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis.
Packaging and Storage: It is usually supplied in amber glass ampoules or vials and must be protected from light to maintain its stability and effectiveness. It is stored below 25°C (77°F) and should not be frozen.
Primary Uses
Antidote for Anticoagulants: It is a reliable and fast-acting antidote for reversing the effects of coumarin-type blood thinners (e.g., warfarin) in cases of excessive bleeding or before emergency surgery.
Treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency: It is used to address conditions caused by low levels of vitamin K, which can result from poor diet, certain illnesses (e.g., obstructive jaundice, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis), or long-term use of certain antibiotics.
Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn: A lower-dose formulation is commonly used for the prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding disorders in newborns, although the 10mg dose may be used in children over one year with specific conditions under specialist advice.
Important Considerations
Medical Supervision: The injection must always be administered by a qualified healthcare professional in a clinical setting; it should not be self-administered.
Monitoring: The patient's blood clotting factors (measured by INR or prothrombin time) are monitored regularly to ensure the medication is working properly and to adjust the dosage as needed.
Side Effects: Common side effects can include pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. More serious, but rare, side effects can include allergic reactions (rash, trouble breathing, swelling), dizziness, and flushing.
